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Sport & Autisme
Introduction
Si le sport et les activités physiques en général apportent un nombre considérable de bienfaits à tous, c’est particulièrement le cas pour
les personnes avec autisme. Différentes études ont montré une amélioration de l’habileté motrice [1] mais aussi une meilleure réussite des programmes éducatifs et/ou scolaires [2]. Par ailleurs, la pratique d’activités physiques au sein de clubs ou d’associations sportives constitue un volet important de l’intégration des personnes avec autisme en milieu ordinaire. Enfin, les recommandations de la HAS et de l’ANESM [3] encouragent la pratique d’activités physiques et sportives avec un accompagnement spécifique. Au Québec, Jean-Charles Grellier [4] met en place depuis 1998, des programmes d’activités physiques et sportives à destination d’enfants et d’adultes autistes. Son approche s’appuie sur les besoins et les centres d’intérêts de la personne.
Il existe aujourd’hui en France plusieurs initiatives réussies de développement des activités physiques et sportives pour les personnes avec autisme, avec par exemple, le dispositif inclusion autisme (ASPTT et fondation Orange [5]), des activités physiques et sportives en
Maine-et-Loire au sein de la « Maison de l’autisme 49 » [6] ou encore ASMA 77 en Seine-et-Marne [7, 8] (Association de Seine-et-Marne pour aider les enfants autistes par des ateliers multi-activités).
Description du projet
Pour l’accès au sport et à la pratique d’activités physiques, la plus grande difficulté est le manque de professionnels du sport formés aux spécificités de l’autisme et aux méthodes d’accompagnement efficaces (recommandations de la HAS [3]). L’objectif de ce projet est de permettre l’accès au sport et aux activités physiques à des personnes avec autisme sur le bassin Rennais.
Dans un premier temps, il s’agira de proposer à plusieurs éducateurs sportifs intéressés et motivés pour travailler avec des enfants autistes, deux formations qui seront à organiser sur Rennes :
• Une première formation consacrée aux bases de l’analyse appliquée du comportement A.B.A. (Applied Behavioral Analysis)
• Une seconde formation spécifique à la pratique de l’éducation physique et sportive (approche comportementale du sport) dans le
cadre de l’autisme
Avec des éducateurs ainsi formés, des parcours individualisés en fonction des intérêts de chaque enfant seront proposés. Les objectifs pourront être déclinés de la manière suivante :
• Le développement de compétences sportives en séances individuelles,
• L’accompagnement dans des activités sportives au sein de clubs ou associations sportives,
• Le développement de l’autonomie dans la pratique sportive.
La mise en œuvre de ce volet passera par des collaborations avec des associations et clubs de sport, ainsi que par une mise à disposition de locaux et matériels éventuellement nécessaires à la pratique des sports. Un local dédié pourrait aussi être envisagé.
La pratique des éducateurs sportifs sera supervisée par un psychologue A.B.A. et/ou un référent expert dans ce type de prise en charge. Des collaborations avec les acteurs de la formation des professionnels de l’éducation physique et sportive (université, instituts de formation) pourront aussi être mises en place. Ce projet est prévu pour être mis en œuvre dès 2018. Il bénéficie actuellement du soutien d’Actions Khiéthon.
Si ce projet vous intéresse, n’hésitez pas à nous contacter, à venir nous voir, et si vous désirez nous aider, nous soutenir dans nos actions auprès des personnes avec autisme, adhérez ou faites un don.
Références
[1] Dawson et al., Sports, Exercise, and the Benefits of Physical Activity for Individuals with Autism, Autism Speaks, février 2009 [2] Oriel et al., The Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Academic Engagement in Young Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder, ediatricPhysical Therapy, juillet 2011. [3] HAS, Recommandations de bonne pratique, Autisme et autres troubles envahissants du développement, mars 2012: interventions éducatives et thérapeutiques coordonnées chez l’enfant et l’adolescent, p.31 : « Les activités physiques et sportives […] constituent des pratiques qui peuvent participer à l’épanouissement personnel et social de certains enfants/adolescents avec TED, selon leurs centres
d’intérêt, s’ils bénéficient d’un accompagnement spécifique. » [4] www.jeancharlesgrellier.com [5] www.fondationorange.com/Un-enfant-avec-autisme-pourra-pratiquer-son-sport-favori-avec-les-enfants [6] www.facebook.com/maisonautisme49 [7] www.asma-77-autisme.fr [8] Moez et Corinne soignent de jeunes autistes par le sport, Le Parisien, 18 janvier 2018